Health checks provide a way to monitor the health and availability of your Web API. In ASP.NET Core, you can implement health checks using the Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks package. Health checks can verify the status of dependencies, such as databases, external services, or other APIs, and provide a health status endpoint that can be monitored. By configuring and registering health checks in the application's startup code, you can periodically check the health status of your API and take appropriate actions based on the results. Implementing health checks helps ensure the reliability and availability of your Web API.